Viewpoints: It conveys new ideas or controversial perspectives on cutting edge topic, and is written by the subject expert(s) of the field focusing on the topics of general interest. it may take the form of a pro-con debate, whereby both sides of a controversial topic are argued by the same or different authors. Author(s) may also follow a 10 questions format, an opinion piece answering key questions on a controversial topic.

A Viewpoints article shares common features with Perspectives and Reviews, but is distinct from them. It presents a summary and critical analysis of a scientific issue of strong current interest to the readership like Perspective, but unlike a Perspective, it is initiated by the authors and needs not be accompanied by other Perspectives that provide differing views of the topic. It is expected to present a scholarly and accurate summary of the topic like Review article, but like a Perspective it is expected to be sharply focused rather than comprehensive.

● Word Count: 2000-3000 words
● Abstract: Not required
● Main Text: Structured with main headings and sub-headings with 1 or 2 figures or tables, along with conclusion

Opinion: It present the author’s personal opinion on the strengths and weaknesses of a hypothesis or scientific theory. Opinion articles are generally based on constructive criticism and should be backed by evidence. However, opinion articles do not contain unpublished or original data. These articles promote scientific discourse that challenges the current state of knowledge in a particular field.

● Word Count: 2000-3000 words
● Abstract: Not required
● Main Text: Structured with main headings and sub-headings