AIM AND SCOPE

All manuscripts should be structured in four subsections: Purpose, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. Length of abstract should be less than or equal to 300 words. A list of keywords, with a maximum of 6 items, is necessary at the end of the abstract. They should be from main heading terms of MeSH (https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html) and written in small alphabetic letters with the first letter capitalized. Each word should be arranged in alphabetical order, separated by a semicolon, and marked with a period at the end. Introduction It should address the purpose of the article concisely and include background reports that are relevant to the purpose of the paper. Materials and Methods This section should include sufficient details of the design, subjects, and methods of the article in order along with the data analysis methods and control of bias in the study. Methodology section of an experimental study needs to include sufficient details that it can be further replicated by others. When reporting experiments with human subjects, the authors should declare whether they received approval from the Institutional Review Board for the study. When reporting experiments with animal subjects, the authors should indicate whether the handling of the animals was supervised by the Institutional Board for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Include demographic data in the materials and methods section if applicable. Materials and devices should be accompanied by model name, company name, city, and country of manufacturer. Subsection titles can be used. Precisely describe the methods of statistical analysis and programs so that readers can reproduce the same results if the original data are available. Results Results should be written in a logical sequence, presenting major findings first. Do not repeat all the data shown in the tables or illustrations in the text but emphasize or summarize only the most important observations. Results can be sectioned by subsection titles. Citation of tables and figures should be provided as Table 1 and Figure 1. Discussion There should be an emphasis on new and important aspects of the study. Do not repeat the results in detail or other information that is given in the introduction or the results section. Discuss according to the purpose of the study but avoid unqualified statements that are not adequately supported by the data. Limitation and further requirements may be described. Conclusion must be stated briefly in the last paragraph of the discussion section. Conflict of interest The corresponding author of an article is asked to inform the Editor of the authors' potential conflicts of interest possibly influencing their interpretation of data. A potential conflict of interest should be disclosed in the manuscript even when the authors are confident that their judgments have not been influenced in preparing the manuscript. Such conflicts may be financial support or private connections to pharmaceutical companies, political pressure from interest groups, or academic problems (e.g., employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, stockownership or options, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending). Acknowledgements Persons or institutes that contributed to the papers but not enough to be coauthors may be introduced. Financial support including foundations, institutions, pharmaceutical and device manufacturers, private companies, and intramural departmental sources should be described along with other types of support, if any. References References should be clearly related to documents and should not exceed 40. They should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Each reference should be cited as [1], [1, 4], or [1-3], at the end of the related phrases in the text. The abbreviated journal title should be used according to the List of Journals Indexed for NLM catalog (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?db=journals) and the List of KoreaMed Journals (http:// www.koreamed.org/JournalBrowser.php). If there are six or less authors in a reference, then all the names of the authors should be listed. If the number of authors is more than six, list the initial six authors and then abbreviate the rest of the authors with 'et al'. Provide the start and final page numbers of the cited reference. Abstracts of conferences are not allowed to be included in the references. Unless otherwise described here, it follows the NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine).


PUBLICATION TYPES AND LANGUAGE
JPIS encompasses a wide range of publication types including clinical and experimental research articles, sophisticated reviews, letters to the editor, and editorials, covering a variety of interests in the field of periodontal or implant science. Manuscripts written in British or American English with consistency from any researcher across the world will be welcomed if they are within the aim & scope of this journal.

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS
All of the manuscripts should be prepared in strict observation of research and publication ethics guidelines recommended by the Council of Science Editors (http://www.councilscienceeditors.org), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE, http://www.icmje.org), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME, http://www.wame.org), and the Korean Association Medical Journal Editors (http:// www.kamje.or.kr/intro.php?body=eng_index).

Conflict-of-interest statement
A conflict of interest may exist when an author has financial or personal relationships or affiliations that could bias the author's decisions of the manuscript. Authors are expected to provide detailed information about all relevant financial conflicts, particularly those present during the process of research and publication, as well as other financial interests (such as patent applications in preparation) that represent potential financial gain in the future. All disclosures of any potential conflicts of interest including specific financial interests, relationships, and affiliations (other than those affiliations listed in the title page of the manuscript) relevant to the subject of the manuscript will be reported by the corresponding author on behalf of each co-author, if any, as part of the submission process. Likewise, authors without conflicts of interest will be requested to state so as part of the submission process. If authors are uncertain about what constitutes relevant financial interests or relationships, they should contact the editorial office.

Statement of informed consent
Copies of written informed consents and Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval for clinical research should be kept. If necessary, the editor or reviewers may request copies of these documents to resolve questions about IRB approval and study conduct.

Statement of human and animal rights
Clinical research should be performed in accordance with the Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (http://www. wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html). Clinical studies that do not comply with it will not be considered for publication. For human subjects, personal information such as patients' names, individual registration numbers, date of birth, or other private matters should not be disclosed. For animal subjects, research should be conducted in accordance with the National or Institutional Guideline for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and these facts must be declared in the manuscript. Copies of the protocol approved by IRB or Animal Ethical Committee (AEC) should be available for review if necessary.

Originality and duplicate publication
All submitted manuscripts should be original and not be considered by other scientific journals for publication at the same time. Any part of the accepted manuscript should not be duplicated in any other scientific journals without the permission of the Editorial Board. If duplicate publication related to the papers of this journal is detected, the authors will be announced in the journal and be obligated to pay the penalty, while their institutes will be informed about the misconduct. For the policies on research and publication ethics that are not stated in these instructions, the guidelines by the Committee on Publication Ethics (http://publicationethics.org) could be applied.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. One or more authors should take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, from inception to pub-

Instructions to Authors
lished article. According to the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), authorship credit should be based on the following 4 criteria: 1. substantial contributions to conception or design of the work, or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; and 2. drafting of the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 3. final approval of the version to be published; and 4. agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Each author should be accountable for the parts of the work he or she has done. In addition, each author should be able to identify which coauthors are responsible for specific other parts of the work and should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of any coauthors. All those designated as authors should meet all 4 criteria for authorship, and all who meet the 4 criteria should be identified as authors.
The contributions of all authors should be described in cover page of the manuscript using the CRediT Taxonomy of author roles. They should be precisely reflected as following 14 categories: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing -original draft, Writing -review & editing. An individual author may be assigned multiple roles, and a given role may be assigned to multiple authors. All authors must meet at least one of the seven core contributions (Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation), as well as at least one of the writing contributions (Writing -original draft preparation, Writing -review & editing). Authors could also satisfy the other remaining contributions; however, these remaining contributions alone would not qualify them for authorship. It is recommended that corresponding authors bear the responsibility for role assignment of all authors who should be given the opportunity to review and confirm their assigned roles.

PEER REVIEW PROCESS
All manuscripts will be reviewed by two or more experts in the corresponding field. The Editorial Board may request authors to revise the manuscripts reflecting the reviewers' opinion. After revising the manuscript, the author should upload the revised files with a reply to each item of the reviewers' opinion. The author's revision should be completed within 14 days after the request. If it is not finished by the due date, it shall be regarded as being withdrawn. To extend the revision period, the authors should contact the Editor. The review process will be finished through the second review system. The Editorial Board will make a final decision on the approval for publication of the submitted manuscripts and can request any further revisions if necessary. Statistical editing may be necessary if the data need professional statistical aid.

COPYRIGHTS AND CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION
Copyrights of all published materials are owned by the Korean Academy of Periodontology. They are also followed by the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0). Authors of accepted papers must complete the Copyright Assignment & Warranties Form, which is available on the official website of JPIS (https://jpis.org).

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
Manuscripts should be submitted in Microsoft Word files. They should be typed and double-spaced, using font size of 10 with margins of 25 mm on each side and 30 mm for the upper and lower ends on A4-size paper. Organize the articles in the following order: cover page, abstract, body text, acknowledgements, references, tables, and figure legends.

RESEARCH ARTICLES
The structure of research article consists of Cover page, Abstract, Body text (Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion), Conflict of interest, Acknowledgements (if necessary), References, Tables, and Figure legends. Each section should be written according to the following rules.

Introduction
It should address the purpose of the article concisely and in-clude background reports that are relevant to the purpose of the paper.

Materials and Methods
This section should include sufficient details of the design, subjects, and methods of the article in order along with the data analysis methods and control of bias in the study. Methodology section of an experimental study needs to include sufficient details that it can be further replicated by others.
When reporting experiments with human subjects, the authors should declare whether they received approval from the Institutional Review Board for the study. When reporting experiments with animal subjects, the authors should indicate whether the handling of the animals was supervised by the Institutional Board for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Include demographic data in the materials and methods section if applicable. Materials and devices should be accompanied by model name, company name, city, and country of manufacturer. Subsection titles can be used. Precisely describe the methods of statistical analysis and programs so that readers can reproduce the same results if the original data are available.

Results
Results should be written in a logical sequence, presenting major findings first. Do not repeat all the data shown in the tables or illustrations in the text but emphasize or summarize only the most important observations. Results can be sectioned by subsection titles. Citation of tables and figures should be provided as Table 1 and Figure 1.

Discussion
There should be an emphasis on new and important aspects of the study. Do not repeat the results in detail or other information that is given in the introduction or the results section. Discuss according to the purpose of the study but avoid unqualified statements that are not adequately supported by the data. Limitation and further requirements may be described. Conclusion must be stated briefly in the last paragraph of the discussion section.

Conflict of interest
The corresponding author of an article is asked to inform the Editor of the authors' potential conflicts of interest possibly influencing their interpretation of data. A potential conflict of interest should be disclosed in the manuscript even when the authors are confident that their judgments have not been influenced in preparing the manuscript. Such conflicts may be financial support or private connections to pharmaceutical companies, political pressure from interest groups, or academic problems (e.g., employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, stockownership or options, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending).

Figure legends
All of the figures should be explained separately. Full names of all abbreviated terms should be presented in each figure.
Capitalize the first letter of the first word and place a period at the end of the phrase.

Figures
Figures should be submitted in Tiff or EPS file format. Number figures as Figure 1, Figure 2 … in order of citation. An individual should not be recognizable in the photographs unless a written consent of the subject has been obtained and is provided at the time of submission. Scales should be presented as a bar in the picture instead of a magnification remark in the legend.
The minimum requirements for digital resolution are: • 300 DPI/PPI for picture-only photographs.
• 600 DPI/PPI for photographs containing pictures and line elements, i.e., text labels, thin lines, arrows. • 900 DPI/PPI for black and white images, such as line drawings or graphs.

REVIEWS
Review articles will be solicited. Previously published material should be incorporated into an integrated presentation of the current understanding of a topic. Topics of scientific consensus and of controversy may be dealt with in the reviews. It should have following structures: Cover page, Abstract, Body text (Introduction, Text, Conclusion), Conflict of interest, Acknowledgements (if necessary), References, Tables,  and Figure legends. An abstract should summarize the important points of the review article in 300 words without being restricted to any specific format. Length of the Body text should not exceed 5,000 words. References should not exceed 100.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Letters to the Editor should include brief constructive comments that concern previously published papers. They should be divided into Cover page and Text without exceeding 500 words. They should have a maximum of five references. Letters could be edited by the Editorial Board. Responses by the author of the subject paper may be provided in the same issue or next issue of the journal.

GENERAL TEXT STYLE
Generic and brand name of medicine For medicine, use generic names. If a brand name should be used, insert it in parentheses after the generic name.

Statistical expression
Standard deviation and standard error should be described in the format of mean ± SD and mean ± SE, respectively. P-values should be described as P<0.05 or P=0.003.

Units
Scientific units should be followed by the International System of Units (http://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units).
Unit for volume is 'L', instead of 'l' to avoid the confusion; Unit for blood pressure is mmHg; Temperature is expressed in Celsius and concentration in M, mM, and µM.

Abbreviations
Abbreviations should be avoided as much as possible. When they are used, full expression of the abbreviations in parentheses following the abbreviated word should be given at the first use. Abbreviation can be used if it is listed as MeSH main heading terms and it is approved by the International System of Units.

ERRATA
Errata are published to correct errors of previously issued articles. When errors are made in the printing process, errata will be published without additional cost. The authors, however, will be required to bear the expense when the errors originate from the final proof of corresponding author. To request a correction to a published article, corresponding author should contact the editorial office of JPIS, providing details of the error, including the complete article citation, location of the error and corrected text. JPIS will publish corrections in the next available issue and link the correction to the original article.

SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPT
Authors are requested to submit their papers electronically by e-submission system, which can be accessed on the official website of JPIS (https://jpis.org) as well. After creating an account, authors can proceed with the submission process as arranged. Before submission, the instructions described in the JPIS manuscript template files should be carefully reviewed in formatting the papers. Cover letter, electronic copy of manuscript, and figures should be included in the submission file package.

Manuscript Number:
Title: Upon the publication of the article, author jointly and severally grants all rights, title, and interest therein, including any and all copyrights in all forms and media now or hereafter known, to the Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science which is published by the Korean Academy of Periodontology.
Author warrants this article to be original work not published elsewhere and approves it for publication. Author further certifies that substantial contribution was made to accept public accountability for it, that any right or interest in the article has not been assigned to any third party, and that all figures and illustrations included have not been digitally altered and do not misrepresent the actual circumstances reported in any way.
Author declares to have no commercial association (e.g., equity ownership or interest, consultancy, patent and licensing agreement, or institutional and corporate associations) that might be a conflict of interest in relation to the submitted manuscript, except as disclosed in the Conflict of Interest of the article. All sources of funding in support of the work presented in the article are indicated in the Acknowledgements of the manuscript.
Each author must sign this statement to indicate the acceptance of the terms of publication.

Type complete name (first, middle initial, last name) Signature Date
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